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Toro Andersen: Created page with "Werkspoor engines '''Werkspoor N.V.''' (Amsterdam) was a Dutch machine builder that developed four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines for ships (and for steam-to-diesel locomotive and stationary service) from the early 1900s into the 1980s. The engine business passed through a 1954 merger with '''Stork''' (Verenigde Machinefabrieken, "VMF"), a 1969 consolidation into '''Stork-Werkspoor Diesel''' (SWD), and a 1989 acquisition by the Finnish '''Wärtsilä''' group.
2026-10-30T13:13:32Z

Created page with "Werkspoor engines '''Werkspoor N.V.''' (Amsterdam) was a Dutch machine builder that developed four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines for ships (and for steam-to-diesel locomotive and stationary service) from the early 1900s into the 1980s. The engine business passed through a 1954 merger with '''Stork''' (Verenigde Machinefabrieken, "VMF"), a 1969 consolidation into '''Stork-Werkspoor Diesel''' (SWD), and a 1989 acquisition by the Finnish '''Wärtsilä''' group.<ref..."

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Werkspoor engines

'''Werkspoor N.V.''' (Amsterdam) was a Dutch machine builder that developed four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines for ships (and for steam-to-diesel locomotive and stationary service) from the early 1900s into the 1980s. The engine business passed through a 1954 merger with '''Stork''' (Verenigde Machinefabrieken, "VMF"), a 1969 consolidation into '''Stork-Werkspoor Diesel''' (SWD), and a 1989 acquisition by the Finnish '''Wärtsilä''' group.<ref name="RMM" />

== History and lineage ==

* '''1902''' — small stationary diesel built under licence from [[MAN engines|MAN]].
* '''1905''' — experimental 160 hp engine under chief designer C. Kloos.
* '''1908–1910''' — own-design 4-cylinder non-reversing trunk-piston marine unit (auxiliary on the

schooner San Antonio; a bridge-controlled reversible propeller, also built by Werkspoor in 1909);
a similar 200 bhp plant on Cornelis.

* '''1910''' — first direct-reversing marine diesel: a 6-cylinder [[four-stroke]] crosshead engine,

400 mm bore / 600 mm stroke, ~500 bhp at 180 rpm, propelling the 1,200 dwt oil
tanker Vulcanus (in service 1910–1932).

* '''1912''' — 6-cylinder directly-reversible engine, 1,100 ihp, on Anglo-Saxon Petroleum's tanker

Juno (pistons withdrawable — a Werkspoor patent, per Shell-owned Anglo-Saxon / Emanuel Nobel).

* '''WWI and after''' — designers G. J. Lugt and W. J. van Essen, under C. Kloos, refined the engines;

Lugt patented the single-camshaft reversing mechanism; van Essen, with a US licensee, a totally
enclosed engine.

* '''1920''' — 21 marine diesel engines in construction in Amsterdam; 6 more at the UK licensees

North Eastern Marine Engineering and Hawthorn Leslie; ~200 cylinders total; 45 auxiliary engines
partly built by [[Bofors]] (Sweden); 10 at Skandia Manufacturing, San Francisco.

* '''1924''' — experimental double-acting single cylinder, 800 mm / 1,400 mm, 750 ihp at

95 rpm, run non-stop at full load for 20 days (NEM, Wallsend). Anglo-Saxon then booked twelve
double-acting engines at 4,000 ihp each for the Phobos-class tankers.

* '''Late 1920s''' — pressure charging and a semi-rotary director-valve with six combined valves

(the Lugt-Zulvern patent). The KNSM ship Colombia took 8-cylinder 780 mm / 1,400 mm
engines at 4,000 hp / 115 rpm — then the largest-bore four-stroke engine built.<ref name="RMM" />

* The Megara and Mirza (10,750 dwt), and an order from Royal Dutch / Shell for 18 six-cylinder

630 mm / 1,100 mm engines at 2,100 hp / 130 rpm.

* '''1930''' — first direct solid-fuel injection at Werkspoor, a four-stroke stationary unit,

700 hp / 300 rpm, 7-cylinder, 350 mm / 570 mm, for a pumping station.

* '''1932''' — first Werkspoor marine engines with direct fuel injection on L. Smit / International

Towing's Zwarte Zee (the world's most powerful oceangoing tug, 33 years in service): two direct-reversing
pressure-charged six-cylinder engines, 500 mm / 650 mm, ~2,000 ihp each; with
1,000 mm / 380 mm piston-scavenging pumps (Lugt's design).

* '''1933''' — the single-acting four-stroke crosshead '''KMWS''' engine (under-piston pressure

charging), 6- and 8-cylinder, 1,600 bhp / 145 rpm up to 4,250 bhp / 120 rpm;
~150 built by Hawthorn Leslie 1935–45.

* '''WWII''' — under Lugt: a new two-stroke pressure-charged heavy-fuel-oil engine; a two-cylinder

experimental built 1946; Lugt died in July 1948.

* '''1947 / 1951''' — test engine completed 1947; first production Werkspoor–'''Lugt''': a 4-cylinder

1,800 hp / 165 rpm on heavy fuel, in the cargo liner Prins Frederik Willem (1951). The
Werkspoor–Lugt programme ran naturally-aspirated 4- to 12-cylinder (1,800–7,200 bhp / 125–165 rpm)
and turbocharged (2,400–9,600 bhp).

* '''1954''' — Werkspoor N.V. merged with '''Stork''' (Hengelo), forming '''VMF''' /

'''Stork-Werkspoor''' (~10,000 employees). The new marine diesel blended Stork's two-stroke
'''HOTLo''' design (see [[Stork engines]]) with the Werkspoor two-stroke engines into the
'''SW-type''', 900 mm bore / 1,700 mm stroke.

* '''Feb 1966''' — a 6-cylinder SW-type set a power world record; the source figure of "3,333 bhp

per cylinder" appears to be in error and is shown here as the 6-cylinder total pending correction.

* '''1969''' — all VMF / Stork-Werkspoor diesel activity moved to '''Stork-Werkspoor Diesel (SWD)''', an

operating company of Werkspoor-Amsterdam N.V.; low-speed marine development at Stork Hengelo stopped;
the '''Kromhout''' engine works in Amsterdam (in the VMF group since 1966) were closed. SWD ran an
Amsterdam factory, a Zwolle production / test unit, and a Weesp workshop.

* '''1963+''' — medium-speed four-stroke trunk-piston '''TM410''' series (8-cylinder, 410 mm bore,

prototype running by end-1966; initial 500 bhp/cyl at 500 rpm on MGO); first two 6-cylinder
TM410s on the 9,000  ihp-class tug Rode Zee (sea-trial August 1968); offered inline-6 to V20.

* '''Mid-1970s+''' — '''TM620''' series (620 mm bore), rated the world's largest and most powerful

medium-speed engine for several years.

* '''1989''' — Stork-Werkspoor Diesel was acquired by Finland-based '''Wärtsilä'''; the SWD medium-speed

engines were phased out and replaced by the Wärtsilä 26 and 38 series (largely designed by ex-SWD
staff and built at Zwolle).<ref name="RMM" />

== Model list ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Werkspoor / Stork-Werkspoor diesel engines
|-
!Engine
!Cycle
!Bore / stroke
!Cyl.
!Power
!Speed
!Years
|-
|[[Werkspoor SW 280|SW 280]]
| ? (4- or 2-stroke, to verify)
|280 / 300 mm
|6, 8, 9, 12
|1,500–3,500 kW (295 kW/cyl)
|—
|1960s–
|-
|TM410
|4-stroke
|410 mm
|6–10 (incl. V)
|~500 bhp/cyl
|500 rpm
|1963–
|-
|TM620
|4-stroke
|620 mm
|6–12 (incl. V)
|world's largest med-speed (era)
|—
|mid-1970s–
|-
|Werkspoor–Lugt (NA/TC)
|2-stroke
|—
|4–12
|NA 1,800–7,200 bhp; TC 2,400–9,600 bhp
|125–165 rpm
|1951–
|-
|SW-type (slow-speed)
|2-stroke
|900 / 1,700 mm
|6+
|world record Feb 1966 (6-cyl; figure disputed)
|117 rpm
|1957–
|-
|KMWS
|4-stroke
|—
|6, 8
|1,600–4,250 bhp
|145–120 rpm
|1933–
|-
|First reversible marine
|4-stroke
|400 / 600 mm
|6
|~500 bhp
|180 rpm
|1910
|}

== See also ==
[[Stork engines]] · [[Kromhout engines]] · [[Wärtsilä engines]] · [[MAN engines|MAN]] (1902 licence) · [[Hawthorn Leslie]] (licencee) · [[Bofors]] (auxiliary builder)

== References ==
{{reflist}}